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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains

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Published on: November 30, 2021

Comparison of Three Methods for Skeleton Age Estimation.

Dong-Chuan Zhang¹, Geng Fei², Ting-Ting Chen¹

¹Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, Shanghai Key laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai 200083, China.

Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi

|October 12, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Forensic age estimation using costal cartilage, sternum, and pubic symphysis methods is accurate for individuals under 40. For those over 40, pubic symphysis is best for males and sternum for females.

Keywords:

age estimation by skeleton costal cartilage forensic anthropology pubic symphysis sternum

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Area of Science:

Forensic anthropology
Human identification
Biometrics

Background:

Accurate age estimation is crucial in forensic science.
Traditional methods face limitations in accuracy across diverse age groups and sexes.
Novel approaches are needed for reliable age determination.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of three distinct methods for forensic age estimation.
To compare the accuracy of costal cartilage, sternum, and pubic symphysis methods.
To analyze age and sex-specific performance of these estimation techniques.

Main Methods:

Collected data from 91 unknown individuals (2000-2020) from Shanghai Public Security Bureau.
Applied costal cartilage, sternum, and pubic symphysis inference methods for age estimation.
Assessed consistency between estimated and actual ages, analyzing accuracy across age and sex demographics.

Main Results:

All three methods demonstrated higher accuracy for individuals under 40 years old.
Costal cartilage method showed inference errors of (0.493±2.040) years for the general population under 40.
For individuals over 40, pubic symphysis method yielded errors of (1.500±2.156) years in males and (-2.643±4.270) years in females.

Conclusions:

Costal cartilage, sternum, and pubic symphysis methods are stable and effective for age estimation.
Accuracy is significantly better for individuals under 40 years of age.
For individuals over 40, the pubic symphysis method is recommended for males, and the sternum method for females.