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Efficiency Analysis of Uncle-Nephew Relationship Identification by Increasing STR Markers and Adding Reference

Qian-Qian Kong1,2, Li-Qin Chen1, Cheng-Tao Li1,2

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Increasing short tandem repeat (STR) markers and adding reference samples significantly improves uncle-nephew relationship identification efficiency. This study provides crucial data for optimizing forensic DNA analysis in complex kinship cases.

Keywords:
STRautosomeforensic geneticssystem efficiencyuncle-nephew relationship identification

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic genetics
  • Population genetics
  • Statistical genetics

Background:

  • Accurate kinship analysis is critical in forensic investigations.
  • Short tandem repeat (STR) markers are widely used in human identification.
  • Optimizing STR marker selection and reference sample inclusion enhances relationship identification accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of increasing STR markers on uncle-nephew relationship identification system efficiency.
  • To assess the benefit of incorporating reference samples in uncle-nephew relationship identification.
  • To provide data-driven recommendations for selecting optimal STR sets and reference individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of five uncle-nephew relationship identification models with varying reference samples.
  • Simulation of likelihood ratios (LR) for 10,000 uncle-nephew pairs and 10,000 unrelated pairs using 19, 39, and 55 STRs.
  • Validation using real samples from the Han population in Zhejiang, analyzing 55 autosomal STRs with commercial kits.

Main Results:

  • Simulated and real sample results showed high consistency.
  • System efficiency positively correlated with the number of STR markers analyzed.
  • Including relatives (full sibling or mother of uncle/nephew) significantly improved identification efficiency compared to pairwise analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Increasing the number of STR markers enhances uncle-nephew relationship identification accuracy.
  • The inclusion of known relatives as reference samples substantially boosts system efficiency.
  • Findings support informed selection of detection systems and reference individuals for practical forensic casework.