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Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
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Addressing Systemic Bias in Violence Risk Assessment.

Shoba Sreenivasan1, Melinda DiCiro2, James Rokop2

  • 1Dr. Sreenivasan is Forensic Services Division-SVP Evaluator, California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, California and Adjunct Clinical Professor at Keck USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California. Dr. DiCiro is Forensic Services Division Chief (Acting) at California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, California. Dr. Rokop is Forensic Services Division-Chief Psychologist, SVP at California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, California. Dr. Weinberger is Chief Psychologist, USC Institute of Psychiatry, Law, & Behavioral Sciences and Professor Emerita, Keck USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles California. shoba1213@gmail.com.

The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
|October 12, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Criminal history in violence risk assessments may unfairly impact minority groups due to systemic biases. Higher arrest and incarceration rates for racial minorities can lead to inaccurate high-risk classifications.

Keywords:
biascriminal behaviorcriminal-justiceracial disparityrisk-assessmentstructural competence

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Area of Science:

  • Criminology
  • Forensic Psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Criminal history is a key factor in violence risk assessments.
  • Disproportionate criminal justice involvement among minority groups can lead to biased evaluations.
  • Racial disparities in arrest, conviction, and incarceration rates are well-documented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how structural biases in criminal justice impact violence risk assessments.
  • To identify sources of systemic racial bias within existing risk assessment methods.
  • To propose strategies for enhancing structural competency and reducing biased assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of criminal justice reports and Bureau of Justice surveys.
  • Examination of racial disparities in incarceration rates across different age groups.
  • Review of actuarial instruments used in violence risk assessments.

Main Results:

  • Minority groups, particularly Black males, face significantly higher rates of imprisonment compared to White individuals.
  • Racial inequities in incarceration can result in higher risk scores for Black offenders, leading to misclassification.
  • Existing violence risk assessment methods may embed systemic racial bias.

Conclusions:

  • Awareness of structural biases is crucial for fair violence risk assessments.
  • Addressing systemic biases in risk assessment tools is necessary to ensure equity.
  • Enhancing structural competency can mitigate the risk of biased classifications in violence risk evaluations.