Identifying Human Remains from 20th Century Warfare: A State of the Field Essay

As we continually reflect on the wars of the 20th century, identification of the remains of victims takes an increasingly prominent position in ongoing research. Existing work on the identification of human remains from 20th century wars primarily covers the determination of phenotypic characteristics, kinship and geographic origins, supporting the establishment of genetic information databases. Compared with standard forensic methods, DNA analyses have revealed greater effectiveness. The process of DNA analysis includes DNA extraction, genetic marker testing and data analysis. Protocols from ancient DNA research can be applied to degraded remains, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques can compensate for shortcomings in the most commonly-used PCR-capillary electrophoresis typing. As it stands, wide-ranging inter-governmental and inter-institutional collaboration is necessary in order to set up NGS-based public databases, and thereby promote the identification of human remains and archaeological forensics.