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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Molecular targeted therapy for anticancer treatment.

Hye-Young Min1, Ho-Young Lee2

  • 1College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

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Molecular targeted therapy offers effective cancer treatment with fewer side effects than chemotherapy. However, overcoming drug resistance remains crucial for improving outcomes in precision medicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Molecular targeted therapy, including small molecule agents and monoclonal antibodies, is a cornerstone of precision cancer medicine.
  • These therapies inhibit signal transduction pathways and offer improved efficacy with reduced side effects compared to conventional chemotherapy.
  • Despite successes, acquired drug resistance poses a significant challenge to long-term treatment effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of molecular targeted therapy in cancer treatment.
  • To discuss the classification, target kinase biology, and mechanisms of action of targeted agents.
  • To highlight current clinical applications and future directions for overcoming resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current knowledge on targeted therapeutic agents.
  • Analysis of targeted therapy classifications, kinase biology, and mechanisms of action.
  • Examination of clinical examples and strategies for resistance management.

Main Results:

  • Targeted therapies are established as first-line treatments for various human cancers.
  • Understanding kinase biology and drug mechanisms is key to effective application.
  • Drug resistance is a prevalent issue necessitating ongoing research and development.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular targeted therapy represents a significant advancement in cancer treatment, offering personalized approaches.
  • Continued research into novel agents and resistance mechanisms is essential for enhancing therapeutic outcomes.
  • Future development should focus on strategies to overcome or prevent drug resistance for durable cancer control.