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Molecular targeted therapy for anticancer treatment
1College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
Since the initial clinical approval in the late 1990s and remarkable anticancer effects for certain types of cancer, molecular targeted therapy utilizing small molecule agents or therapeutic monoclonal antibodies acting as signal transduction inhibitors has served as a fundamental backbone in precision medicine for cancer treatment. These approaches are now used clinically as first-line therapy for various types of human cancers. Compared to conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapeutic agents have efficient anticancer effects with fewer side effects. However, the emergence of drug resistance is a major drawback of molecular targeted therapy, and several strategies have been attempted to improve therapeutic efficacy by overcoming such resistance. Herein, we summarize current knowledge regarding several targeted therapeutic agents, including classification, a brief biology of target kinases, mechanisms of action, examples of clinically used targeted therapy, and perspectives for future development.
Insights
Molecular targeted therapy offers effective cancer treatment with fewer side effects than chemotherapy. However, overcoming drug resistance remains crucial for improving outcomes in precision medicine.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Molecular targeted therapy, including small molecule agents and monoclonal antibodies, is a cornerstone of precision cancer medicine.
- These therapies inhibit signal transduction pathways and offer improved efficacy with reduced side effects compared to conventional chemotherapy.
- Despite successes, acquired drug resistance poses a significant challenge to long-term treatment effectiveness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of molecular targeted therapy in cancer treatment.
- To discuss the classification, target kinase biology, and mechanisms of action of targeted agents.
- To highlight current clinical applications and future directions for overcoming resistance.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of current knowledge on targeted therapeutic agents.
- Analysis of targeted therapy classifications, kinase biology, and mechanisms of action.
- Examination of clinical examples and strategies for resistance management.
Main Results:
- Targeted therapies are established as first-line treatments for various human cancers.
- Understanding kinase biology and drug mechanisms is key to effective application.
- Drug resistance is a prevalent issue necessitating ongoing research and development.
Conclusions:
- Molecular targeted therapy represents a significant advancement in cancer treatment, offering personalized approaches.
- Continued research into novel agents and resistance mechanisms is essential for enhancing therapeutic outcomes.
- Future development should focus on strategies to overcome or prevent drug resistance for durable cancer control.
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