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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation
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Nonlinear chalcogenide optical fiber couplers.

Mohsen Rezaei, Md Hosne Mobarak Shamim, Mohammed El Amraoui

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    |October 13, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed novel chalcogenide optical fiber couplers with a power-dependent coupling coefficient. These nonlinear optical devices achieve the lowest critical power reported, enabling all-optical switching and mode-locking.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Nonlinear Optics

    Background:

    • Optical fiber couplers are essential components in photonic systems.
    • Nonlinear optical effects in materials are crucial for advanced optical functionalities.
    • Chalcogenide glasses offer unique nonlinear optical properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate chalcogenide optical fiber couplers with a power-dependent coupling coefficient.
    • To achieve the lowest critical power for optical fiber couplers.
    • To enable all-optical switching and passive mode-locking.

    Main Methods:

    • Design and fabrication of couplers using Arsenic Selenide (As2Se3) optical fiber.
    • Characterization of coupler performance at a wavelength of 1938 nm.
    • Measurement of the critical power for nonlinear coupling.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstration of chalcogenide optical fiber couplers with a power-dependent coupling coefficient.
    • Achieved a critical power of 126 W, the lowest ever reported for an optical fiber coupler.
    • Verified the nonlinear behavior of the As2Se3 fiber couplers.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed nonlinear couplers enable efficient all-optical switching.
    • These couplers are suitable for passive mode-locking applications.
    • The technology is applicable over a wide wavelength range, including telecommunication and mid-infrared bands.