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    This study introduces a dual-comb interferometer that measures both target distance and transverse rotation rate. This novel lidar technology enables simultaneous range and rotational Doppler shift measurements for advanced remote sensing.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical interferometry
    • Rotational Doppler effect
    • Lidar and remote sensing

    Background:

    • Traditional lidar systems face limitations in simultaneously measuring target range and transverse rotation.
    • Measuring target rotation often requires separate, complex instrumentation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and demonstrate a dual-comb interferometer for simultaneous range and transverse rotation rate measurements.
    • To overcome limitations of existing lidar technologies in dynamic target characterization.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a dual-comb interferometer with a probe comb prepared with orbital angular momentum.
    • Measured phase shifts from rotational Doppler effect for rotation rate.
    • Measured time-of-flight delays for target distance.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved measurement of rotation rates up to 313 Hz with 1 Hz precision (40 ms averaging).
    • Measured distances with 5.9 µm precision for rotating targets and 400 nm for static targets (75 cm ambiguity range).
    • Demonstrated the first dual-comb ranging system capable of measuring transverse target rotation.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed dual-comb interferometer offers a novel, simultaneous measurement capability for range and transverse rotation.
    • This technique holds significant potential for terrestrial and space-based lidar and remote sensing applications.
    • Paves the way for enhanced target characterization in dynamic environments.