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High-sensitivity distributed relative salinity sensor based on frequency-scanning φ-OTDR.

Yuyao Wang, Hua Zheng, Chao Lu

    Optics Express
    |October 13, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel optical fiber sensor offers high-sensitivity distributed salinity monitoring. This frequency-scanning phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (φ-OTDR) system achieves accurate measurements over long distances for marine environmental applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Environmental Sensing
    • Fiber Optics

    Background:

    • Accurate distributed salinity monitoring is crucial for understanding marine environments.
    • Traditional methods often lack the spatial resolution and sensitivity required for comprehensive data collection.
    • Optical fiber sensing presents a promising alternative for in-situ environmental measurements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a high-sensitivity distributed optical fiber salinity sensor.
    • To evaluate the sensor's performance in terms of sensitivity, spatial resolution, and measurement accuracy.
    • To investigate the sensor's response time and potential for marine environmental monitoring.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing frequency-scanning phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (φ-OTDR).
    • Employing a polyimide-coated single-mode optical fiber for distributed sensing.
    • Conducting theoretical and experimental evaluations of measurement accuracy and spatial resolution trade-offs.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a sensitivity of 782.4 MHz/(mol/L) over an 1100 m fiber.
    • Demonstrated a spatial resolution of 1 m with salinity measurements from 0 to 1.61 mol/L.
    • Identified a trade-off between spatial resolution and measurement accuracy, with uncertainties as low as 0.005 mol/L at 2 m resolution.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed φ-OTDR based optical fiber sensor offers high sensitivity and a long measurement range for salinity.
    • The sensor's performance is suitable for distributed marine environmental monitoring.
    • Further optimization can balance spatial resolution and measurement accuracy for specific applications.