Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

Factors Influencing Heart Rate

3.1K
The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
3.1K
Regulation of Heart Rates01:31

Regulation of Heart Rates

2.0K
The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...
2.0K
Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output

1.1K
Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart...
1.1K
Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

597
Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with...
597
Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers

417
β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation,...
417
Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of β-Receptor Blockers01:27

Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of β-Receptor Blockers

928
β-receptor blockers significantly impact the cardiovascular system by counteracting catecholamine-induced sympathetic responses. These medications decrease heart rate, contractility, and cardiac output, potentially leading to cardiac depression, life-threatening bradycardia, and death. Therapeutically, β-blockers function as mild antihypertensives and are utilized in treating angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmias. However, nonselective β-blockers inhibit β2-receptors in...
928

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Intramural left ventricular posterior superior process premature ventricular complex ablation with intracardiac echocardiography.

Indian pacing and electrophysiology journal·2026
Same author

Artificial intelligence for atrial fibrillation prediction while in sinus rhythm: a narrative review.

European heart journal. Digital health·2026
Same author

Supraventricular Tachycardia Ablation in the Elderly-Characteristics and Outcomes.

Journal of arrhythmia·2026
Same author

Safety and Clinical Outcome of Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in an Asian Population: A Prospective Study.

Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology·2025
Same author

Terrible T wave oversensing-programming pitfalls and optimization of the dual chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator with left bundle branch pacing.

HeartRhythm case reports·2025
Same author

Clinical Outcomes on Remote Monitoring Compliance in Patients With Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator.

Journal of arrhythmia·2025
Same journal

R1 Prognostic Significance of T-Wave Amplitude Variability for Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of arrhythmia·2026
Same journal

Pacing the Impossible: ICE- and Voltage-Guided Atrial Leadless Pacemaker Implantation in Double Mechanical Valve Disease.

Journal of arrhythmia·2026
Same journal

A Case of Rotator Cuff Tear Owing to External Electrical Cardioversion.

Journal of arrhythmia·2026
Same journal

Predictors and Outcomes of 30-Day Readmissions Following Electrical Cardioversion for Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From the Nationwide Readmissions Database.

Journal of arrhythmia·2026
Same journal

Documented Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Cardiometabolic Phenotype, and Rhythm-Related Outcomes After Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: An Observational Cohort Study.

Journal of arrhythmia·2026
Same journal

Longitudinal Dissociation of the Left Bundle Branch: Two Different Patterns of S-V Isoelectric Interval.

Journal of arrhythmia·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Optogenetic Activation of Intrinsic Cardiac Autonomic Neurons in Excised Perfused Mouse Hearts
08:29

Optogenetic Activation of Intrinsic Cardiac Autonomic Neurons in Excised Perfused Mouse Hearts

Published on: March 28, 2025

403

A racing heart post-Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2.

Hooi Khee Teo1, Kah Leng Ho1, Boon Yew Tan1

  • 1Department of Cardiology National Heart Centre Singapore Singapore.

Journal of Arrhythmia
|October 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Palpitations are a common side effect of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. This case highlights inappropriate sinus tachycardia as a potential, significant post-vaccination symptom requiring further investigation.

Keywords:
BioNTech BNT162b2inappropriate sinus tachycardiapalpitations

More Related Videos

Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training
07:40

Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training

Published on: October 10, 2019

7.4K
Author Spotlight: Investigating HR-Dependent Cardiac Function in Mouse Models Through a Novel Atrial-Pacing Approach
07:49

Author Spotlight: Investigating HR-Dependent Cardiac Function in Mouse Models Through a Novel Atrial-Pacing Approach

Published on: July 21, 2023

1.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Optogenetic Activation of Intrinsic Cardiac Autonomic Neurons in Excised Perfused Mouse Hearts
08:29

Optogenetic Activation of Intrinsic Cardiac Autonomic Neurons in Excised Perfused Mouse Hearts

Published on: March 28, 2025

403
Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training
07:40

Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training

Published on: October 10, 2019

7.4K
Author Spotlight: Investigating HR-Dependent Cardiac Function in Mouse Models Through a Novel Atrial-Pacing Approach
07:49

Author Spotlight: Investigating HR-Dependent Cardiac Function in Mouse Models Through a Novel Atrial-Pacing Approach

Published on: July 21, 2023

1.5K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Palpitations are a frequently reported side effect following messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccination.
  • While generally mild, some individuals experience persistent and concerning symptoms necessitating medical evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of inappropriate sinus tachycardia presenting as significant palpitations after COVID-19 vaccination.
  • To emphasize the need for thorough workup in patients with persistent post-vaccination symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Case report presentation.
  • Review of patient's symptoms and medical history post-Pfizer/BioNTech vaccination.

Main Results:

  • The patient experienced worsening palpitations and an elevated heart rate after both the first and second doses of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine.
  • Inappropriate sinus tachycardia was diagnosed as the cause of the symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Inappropriate sinus tachycardia is a potential, albeit uncommon, adverse effect of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines.
  • Clinicians should consider further investigation for patients presenting with significant or persistent palpitations post-vaccination.