Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice
05:32

Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice

Published on: January 7, 2019

6.9K

Risk factors for severe infection and mortality In patients with COVID-19 in patients with multiple myeloma and AL

Matthew Ho1, Saurabh Zanwar2, Francis K Buadi2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

American Journal of Hematology
|October 13, 2022
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 infection in multiple myeloma (MM) and AL amyloidosis (AL) patients was severe in one-fourth of cases. Plasma cell-directed therapies and comorbidities increased ICU admission risk, while remission lowered mortality.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma (MM) and AL amyloidosis (AL) patients exhibit reduced vaccine efficacy and high COVID-19 mortality.
  • The impact of plasma cell-directed therapies on COVID-19 outcomes in these populations requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the overall rate, severity, and outcomes of COVID-19 infection in patients with MM or AL.
  • To identify independent predictors of severe COVID-19 outcomes, including intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality, in this patient cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 9225 patients with MM or AL at Mayo Clinic (12/01/2019–8/31/2021).
  • Identification of 187 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection (174 MM, 13 AL).
  • Multivariable analysis to determine risk factors for ICU admission and mortality.

Main Results:

  • The COVID-19 infection rate was 2%, with 25% of infections being severe.
  • 10% of patients required ICU admission, and 3% needed mechanical ventilation.
  • Hospitalized patients had a 22% mortality rate. CD38 antibody treatment within 6 months of infection, cardiac, and pulmonary comorbidities predicted ICU admission.
  • Cardiac comorbidity predicted mortality, while MM/AL remission was associated with lower mortality.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 poses a significant risk to patients with MM and AL, characterized by severe infections and notable mortality.
  • Plasma cell-directed therapies (specifically CD38 antibodies) and comorbidities are associated with increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Maintaining remission in MM/AL patients may be protective against COVID-19 mortality.

More Related Videos

Simplified Intrafemoral Injections Using Live Mice Allow for Continuous Bone Marrow Analysis06:28

Simplified Intrafemoral Injections Using Live Mice Allow for Continuous Bone Marrow Analysis

Published on: November 10, 2023

2.3K
Author Spotlight: Analyzing Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Murine Hematological Malignancies06:33

Author Spotlight: Analyzing Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Murine Hematological Malignancies

Published on: November 10, 2023

1.3K

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
12.2K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
297
Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
13
Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune...
1.0K
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
64
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
19