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Understanding internalizing and externalizing symptoms in trauma exposed community members
Faith O Nomamiukor1, Rachel E Suresky1, Casey L May1
1Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro.
Psychological Trauma : Theory, Research, Practice and Policy
|October 13, 2022
Summary
Self-blame is linked to internalizing symptoms like depression and social anxiety, and externalizing behaviors such as risky sex. These associations persist even when accounting for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Clinical Psychology
- Trauma Studies
Background:
- Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occurs with internalizing and externalizing symptoms.
- Identifying risk factors for these comorbidities is crucial for effective intervention.
- Blame attribution and impulsivity dimensions are potential contributors to symptom heterogeneity in PTSD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the predictive role of blame attribution (self-blame, other blame) and impulsivity (negative urgency, positive urgency) in internalizing and externalizing symptoms.
- To assess these relationships while controlling for the presence of PTSD.
Main Methods:
- The study included 63 trauma-exposed adults, with 47.6% diagnosed with PTSD.
- Participants completed the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale-5.
- Hypotheses focused on blame attribution and urgency predicting internalizing and externalizing symptoms, controlling for PTSD.
Main Results:
- Self-blame significantly predicted all measured internalizing symptoms (social anxiety, depression, worry).
- Self-blame was also associated with sexual risk-taking behavior.
- Negative urgency emerged as a predictor of aggressive behavior.
Conclusions:
- Self-blame is a significant risk factor for a wide spectrum of internalizing symptoms and certain externalizing behaviors.
- The impact of self-blame on these symptoms is not solely attributable to PTSD.
- These findings highlight the importance of addressing self-blame in the context of trauma recovery.
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