Exploring the Binding Process of Cognate Ligand to Add Adenine Riboswitch Aptamer by Using Explicit Solvent Molecular...

Riboswitches are RNA-structured elements that modulate gene expression by changing their conformation in response to specific metabolite ligand binding. Therefore, the biological functions of riboswitches mainly depend on the switching of secondary and three-dimensional structures in the presence and absence of the metabolite ligands. However, the binding mechanisms of cognate ligands to riboswitches are still not well understood. Here, we have introduced how to use explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to observe the binding process of cognate ligand to add adenine riboswitch aptamer at the atomic level. In addition, we have analyzed the driving factors of the binding process and calculated the binding free energy based on the Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) method.