Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

4.7K
Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
4.7K
Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

3.7K
The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
3.7K
Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

3.3K
Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
3.3K
The Nucleus01:25

The Nucleus

4.8K
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...
4.8K
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

7.8K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
7.8K
Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

5.9K
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
5.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Structural evolution of the selectivity clamp confers ADPR-PP specificity in Namat, a phage nicotinamide ADP-ribose transferase.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Mechanistic insights into Cas13d enzymes from cryo-EM structures of CasRx and DjCas13d.

Nucleic acids research·2025
Same author

Molecular insights into DNA recognition by HD-Zip transcription factors.

Plant physiology·2025
Same author

Characterization of the enzyme for 5-hydroxymethyluridine production and its role in silencing transposable elements in dinoflagellates.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2024
Same author

Chemical genetic screening identifies nalacin as an inhibitor of GH3 amido synthetase for auxin conjugation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2022
Same author

Structural basis for histone H3 recognition by NASP in Arabidopsis.

Journal of integrative plant biology·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Combining 3D Magnetic Force Actuator and Multi-Functional Fluorescence Imaging to Study Nucleus Mechanobiology
06:54

Combining 3D Magnetic Force Actuator and Multi-Functional Fluorescence Imaging to Study Nucleus Mechanobiology

Published on: July 5, 2022

2.4K

A new route to the nucleus.

Hongyu Bao1, Hongda Huang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.

Elife
|October 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Histone proteins H3 and H4 are now understood to enter the cell nucleus individually. This challenges the long-held belief that these core histone proteins form heterodimers before nuclear import.

Keywords:
biochemistrychemical biologychromatinchromosomesgene expressionhistonehistone chaperonehumanimportinnuclear import

More Related Videos

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
12:13

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Published on: June 9, 2010

13.4K
A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton
05:47

A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton

Published on: July 29, 2018

15.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Combining 3D Magnetic Force Actuator and Multi-Functional Fluorescence Imaging to Study Nucleus Mechanobiology
06:54

Combining 3D Magnetic Force Actuator and Multi-Functional Fluorescence Imaging to Study Nucleus Mechanobiology

Published on: July 5, 2022

2.4K
Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
12:13

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Published on: June 9, 2010

13.4K
A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton
05:47

A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton

Published on: July 29, 2018

15.8K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Histone proteins are fundamental components of chromatin, responsible for packaging DNA.
  • The prevailing model suggested that histone proteins H3 and H4 heterodimerize before nuclear import.
  • Understanding histone nuclear import is crucial for comprehending gene regulation and chromatin dynamics.

Discussion:

  • This study reveals a novel pathway for histone protein nuclear transport.
  • Evidence suggests that histone H3 and H4 proteins are imported into the nucleus as monomers.
  • This finding necessitates a re-evaluation of established models of chromatin assembly.

Key Insights:

  • Newly discovered pathway challenges the established heterodimer model for histone H3/H4 nuclear import.
  • Histone H3 and H4 proteins are imported into the nucleus as individual units.
  • This provides new insights into the mechanisms of chromatin formation and maintenance.

Outlook:

  • Further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms and regulatory factors involved in monomeric histone import.
  • This discovery may open new avenues for understanding epigenetic modifications and associated diseases.
  • Implications for chromatin assembly, DNA replication, and repair processes warrant further investigation.