Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Vector Potential

Magnetic Vector Potential

In electrostatics, the electric field can be written as the negative gradient of the potential. In magnetostatics, the zero divergence of the magnetic field ensures that the magnetic field can be expressed as the curl of a vector potential. This potential is known as the magnetic vector potential.
Consider an ideal solenoid with n turns per unit length and radius R. If I is the current through the solenoid, the magnetic field inside the solenoid is expressed as the product of vacuum...

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:

Magnetic Field Lines

Magnetic Field Lines

The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:

Propagation of Action Potentials

Propagation of Action Potentials

The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

Consider two parallel straight wires carrying a current of 10 A and 20 A in the same direction and separated by a distance of 20 cm. Calculate the magnetic field at a point "P2", midway between the wires. Also, evaluate the magnetic field when the direction of the current is reversed in the second wire.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Paradoxical Suppression of Exciton Diffusion by Long-Range Interactions: A Large-Scale Nonadiabatic Dynamics Study.

Precision chemistry·2026

Same author

Decoherence-induced adaptive multiconfigurational Ehrenfest dynamics for nonadiabatic scattering simulations.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026

Same author

Unbiased Fuzzy Global Optimization with Complex Three-Body Interactions: The Case of Large (C<sub>60</sub>)<i><sub>N</sub></i> Clusters with the First-Principles PPR Potential.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026

Same author

Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations of charge transport in a covalent organic framework.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026

Same author

Site-Specific Ligand Exchange on Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals: On-Edge Exchange versus On-Facet Position Swapping.

ACS nano·2026

Same author

Phonon Bottleneck in the Hot Electron Relaxation of n-Doped Quantum Dots: A Large-Scale Nonadiabatic Dynamics Perspective.

ACS nano·2026

Same journal

Revisiting, Understanding, and Tailoring the Evolution in the Nature of Phase Transitions in Rare-Earth RE<sub>2</sub>In Alloys.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026

Same journal

Room-Temperature Quasi-CW Random Lasing in a Tin-Perovskite Ultrathin Film.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026

Same journal

Emerging Electride Behavior and Metallization in Molecular Hydrogen under High Pressure.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026

Same journal

Surface Electrochemistry of Au(111) in Acetonitrile Based Electrolytes: Formation of a Solvent Related Adsorbed Layer.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026

Same journal

Asymmetric Hydration Shell Reveals Interfacial TFSI Organization in Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Films.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026

Same journal

Turning 3D Molecular Crystals into 2D Moiré Superlattices with Properties Born Out of Bonding at the Angularly Stacked Interfaces.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Neuronal Avalanches in Organotypic Cultures

Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Neuronal Avalanches in Organotypic Cultures

Published on: August 1, 2011

Growth Pattern of Large Morse Clusters with Medium-Range Potentials.

Liping Chen^1,2, Tao Liang¹, Linjun Wang³

¹Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou311231, China.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

|October 13, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a fuzzy global optimization (FGO) method to study large Morse clusters. This method successfully identified new global minima and structural patterns in clusters previously too complex to analyze.

More Related Videos

Fabrication of Magnetic Platforms for Micron-Scale Organization of Interconnected Neurons

Fabrication of Magnetic Platforms for Micron-Scale Organization of Interconnected Neurons

Published on: July 14, 2021

Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations

Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations

Published on: February 15, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Neuronal Avalanches in Organotypic Cultures

Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Neuronal Avalanches in Organotypic Cultures

Published on: August 1, 2011

Fabrication of Magnetic Platforms for Micron-Scale Organization of Interconnected Neurons

Fabrication of Magnetic Platforms for Micron-Scale Organization of Interconnected Neurons

Published on: July 14, 2021

Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations

Large-scale Reconstructions and Independent, Unbiased Clustering Based on Morphological Metrics to Classify Neurons in Selective Populations

Published on: February 15, 2017

Area of Science:

Computational Chemistry
Materials Science
Statistical Mechanics

Background:

Global optimization of large Morse clusters is challenging due to complex potential energy surfaces.
Previous studies were limited to smaller cluster sizes (N ≤ 240) for medium-range potentials (ρ = 6 and 10).

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically study large Morse clusters beyond the limitations of previous methods.
To identify new global minima and understand structural patterns in larger systems.

Main Methods:

Employed an unbiased fuzzy global optimization (FGO) method.
Initiated studies from completely random structures.
Successfully analyzed Morse clusters up to 700 atoms.

Main Results:

Efficiently reproduced previously reported global minima.
Identified new, lower-energy global minima for various N values with ρ = 6 and ρ = 10.
Observed detailed growth patterns and magic clusters.
Discovered central vacancies in specific large Morse clusters (N = 542, 543, 548, 922 with ρ = 6) for the first time.

Conclusions:

The fuzzy global optimization (FGO) method demonstrates high performance for large clusters with varying interatomic interaction ranges.
FGO shows significant potential for general cluster global structure optimization.