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Induction of diffuse necrotizing enterocolitis by anticancer chemotherapy.

M Maeta, K Mizusawa, S Koga

    Gastroenterologia Japonica
    |June 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Necrotizing enterocolitis is a fatal complication of chemotherapy, especially in hematologic malignancy patients. Progressive diarrhea in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy warrants close medical attention.

    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Oncology
    • Internal Medicine

    Background:

    • Fulminant, necrotizing colitis is a known complication in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing treatment for severe granulocytopenia.
    • This condition typically presents with severe peritonitis, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea or melena, and fever.

    Observation:

    • A rare case of diffuse necrotizing enterocolitis affecting the entire intestinal tract is presented.
    • The patient had colon cancer, not a hematologic malignancy, and presented solely with watery stools without peritoneal irritation.
    • This case highlights a distinct presentation of chemotherapy-induced enterocolitis.

    Findings:

    • Anticancer chemotherapy can induce diffuse necrotizing enterocolitis even in patients without hematologic malignancies.

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  • Watery diarrhea can be the sole presenting symptom, without typical signs of peritonitis.

    • Implications:

    • Close monitoring for progressive diarrhea is crucial in all cancer patients undergoing anticancer chemotherapy.
    • This case broadens the understanding of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal complications.
    • Early recognition of diarrhea as a potential symptom of enterocolitis is vital for timely intervention.