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Extracellular Vesicles in Veterinary Medicine.

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PubMed
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vital for intercellular communication across all life forms. Veterinary research on animal EVs is rapidly expanding, highlighting their potential in diagnostics and therapeutics, necessitating standardized protocols.

Keywords:
biomarkerstherapyveterinary pathologyveterinary physiology

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Cell Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are universal cell-derived nanoparticles involved in intercellular communication.
  • Interest in EVs has surged, with growing research in animal models alongside human studies.
  • EVs play roles in various physiological and pathological processes across eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of extracellular vesicle (EV) research in domestic and wild animals.
  • To analyze the literature on animal EVs from 1984 to 2021, focusing on their roles and applications.
  • To discuss critical aspects, potential applications, and future directions for veterinary EV research.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of approximately 220 scientific papers published between 1984 and 2021.
  • Analysis focused on extracellular vesicles (EVs) in veterinary studies, excluding parasite-related research.
  • Categorization of findings into EV roles in physiology, pathophysiology, biomarker potential, and therapeutic/vaccine applications.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular vesicle (EV) research in animals is a rapidly growing field.
  • Animal EVs show potential as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and as components in therapeutic strategies and vaccines.
  • Significant research exists on milk-derived EVs from animals, with diverse applications.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized for their significance in veterinary medicine.
  • Standardization of protocols and procedures is crucial for advancing animal EV research and application.
  • Further research into animal EVs promises significant advancements in animal health and welfare.