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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

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Clinical-Functional Vulnerability, Functional Capacity, and Falls in Octogenarians with Different Physical Activity

Letícia Pophal da Silva1, Natália Boneti Moreira2, Renata Zacharias Grando1

  • 1Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80310-000, PR, Brazil.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|October 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Physical activity significantly impacts aging in older adults. Engaging in at least 300 minutes of weekly activity reduces frailty, improves functional capacity, and lowers fall risk in octogenarians.

Keywords:
fallsfrailtyfunctional performanceoctogenariansoldest-old adults

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Exercise Science
  • Public Health and Aging Studies

Background:

  • Community-dwelling oldest-old adults face challenges with frailty, functional decline, and falls.
  • Physical activity levels are a key modifiable factor influencing aging outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare frailty, functional capacity, and fall prevalence across different physical activity levels in octogenarians.
  • To determine the minimum physical activity threshold for mitigating age-related declines.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 239 octogenarians (80+ years) was categorized into insufficiently active (<150 min/week), active (150-300 min/week), and very active (>300 min/week) groups.
  • Frailty was assessed using the CFVI-20 questionnaire.
  • Functional capacity was evaluated through the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test, Timed Up and Go, balance tests, and handgrip strength measurements. Fall history and physical activity were also recorded.

Main Results:

  • The insufficiently active group exhibited the highest levels of frailty and the poorest functional performance.
  • Fall prevalence was significantly higher in the insufficiently active group (60.9%) compared to the active (26.4%) and very active (12.7%) groups.

Conclusions:

  • Insufficient physical activity in octogenarians is linked to increased frailty, diminished functional capacity, and a higher prevalence of falls.
  • Achieving at least 300 minutes of weekly physical activity is crucial for reversing or minimizing the adverse effects of aging on health and mobility in this population.