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Determining Gender-Based Differences in Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Underweight Individuals via Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
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Diet Composition, Anthropometrics, and Mortality Risk.

Nir Y Krakauer1, Jesse C Krakauer2

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|October 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diet composition impacts body shape and mortality risk. High animal fat and protein intake correlate with adverse body metrics and increased mortality, while plant-based nutrients show protective effects.

Keywords:
ARICanthropometrybody shapedietobesityrisk assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition science
  • Public health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Obesity epidemic is often linked to overeating and Body Mass Index (BMI).
  • Associations between diet and body shape indices (ABSI, HI) independent of BMI are not well understood.
  • ABSI and HI predict mortality risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate associations between macronutrient intake and anthropometric indices (BMI, ABSI, HI).
  • To analyze the relationship between diet, anthropometrics, and long-term mortality risk.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (approx. 15,000 middle-aged adults).
  • Assessed macronutrient intake (energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat - plant/animal sources) via food frequency questionnaires.
  • Examined associations with BMI, ABSI, HI at baseline and all-cause mortality over ~30 years.

Main Results:

  • High energy, animal fat, and protein intake linked to higher ABSI, lower HI, and increased mortality.
  • Higher carbohydrate and plant fat/protein intake associated with lower ABSI, lower BMI, higher HI, and reduced mortality.
  • Each SD increase in plant fat intake correlated with a 5% mortality decrease; animal fat intake showed a 5% mortality increase.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary patterns, particularly macronutrient composition (plant vs. animal sources), significantly influence body shape indices and mortality risk.
  • Findings suggest plant-based nutrients are protective, while animal-based nutrients may increase health risks.
  • The relationships between diet and anthropometrics align with the established links between anthropometrics and mortality.