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Metal Cluster Triggered-Assembling Heterogeneous Au-Ag Nanoclusters with Highly Loading Performance and Biocompatible

Xiaoxiao He1,2, Xiaohong Ma3, Yujun Yang4

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed porous gold-silver nanoclusters (Au-Ag NCs) for drug delivery. These biocompatible nanoclusters show enhanced stability, high drug loading, and controlled release, offering promising applications in nanomedicine and immunotherapies.

Keywords:
Au-Ag NCsassemblingbiocompatibilitydrug carriersheterogeneous structures

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Developing efficient drug delivery systems is crucial for improving therapeutic outcomes.
  • Nanomaterials offer unique properties for drug encapsulation and targeted delivery.
  • Existing drug carriers often face challenges with stability, biocompatibility, and controlled release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare and characterize novel heterogeneously assembled gold-silver nanoclusters (Au-Ag NCs).
  • To evaluate the potential of these Au-Ag NCs as drug carriers with high loading capacity and biocompatibility.
  • To investigate the controlled drug release capabilities of Au-Ag NCs under different physiological conditions and external stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of glutathione-protected gold (Au) and silver (Ag) clusters.
  • Self-assembly of Au and Ag clusters into porous Au-Ag nanoclusters (NCs).
  • Characterization of NCs size, morphology, stability, and biocompatibility (cell viability assays).
  • Drug loading (Adriamycin) and in vitro release studies at different pH values (7.4 and 5.8).
  • Investigation of ultrasound stimulation for controlled assembly and drug release.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized porous Au-Ag NCs with a core size of ~1.36 nm and assembled diameter of ~120 nm.
  • Au-Ag NCs demonstrated enhanced stability and loading performance compared to individual components.
  • High biocompatibility was confirmed, with cell viability around 98% at 100 µg mL⁻¹.
  • Controlled drug release was observed, with >65% release at pH 5.8 (tumor microenvironment) and <30% at pH 7.4 (physiological).
  • Ultrasound stimulation accelerated assembly and allowed control over NC size and morphology.

Conclusions:

  • Heterogeneously assembled porous Au-Ag NCs represent a novel and effective drug delivery platform.
  • These NCs exhibit excellent water-solubility, stability, low toxicity, and high loading capacity.
  • The tunable drug release profile and biocompatibility make Au-Ag NCs promising for various biomedical applications, including immunotherapies.