Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

17.2K
The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q...
17.2K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

14.9K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
14.9K
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

8.4K
Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
8.4K
ATP Synthase: Mechanism01:48

ATP Synthase: Mechanism

15.0K
In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased...
15.0K
Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

99
Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
99
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

6.2K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
6.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Contraceptive Access for Active Duty Service Women: Evaluation of Women and Infant Community Care Clinics in the Military Health System.

Military medicine·2026
Same author

RETRACTED: Abdi et al. Duloxetine, an SNRI, Targets pSTAT3 Signaling: <i>In</i>-Silico, RNA-Seq and <i>In</i>-Vitro Evidence for a Pleiotropic Mechanism of Pain Relief. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2025, <i>26</i>, 10432.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase I/II clinical trial of a human papillomavirus therapeutic vaccine, PepCan, for reducing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma recurrence.

Oncotarget·2026
Same author

Perceptions of Aging in the Hispanic Community Members in South Central United States: A Descriptive and Exploratory Analysis.

Journal of aging research·2026
Same author

Comparative analysis of reintervention rates in mesh versus no-mesh inguinal hernia repair using electronic health records.

American journal of surgery·2026
Same author

A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Phase I/II Clinical Trial of a Human Papillomavirus Therapeutic Vaccine, PepCan, for Reducing Head and Neck Cancer Recurrence.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same journal

RETRACTED: Kim et al. The Angiogenesis Inhibitor ALS-L1023 from Lemon-Balm Leaves Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through Regulating the Visceral Adipose-Tissue Function. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2017, <i>18</i>, 846.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Mahmud et al. Thymoquinone Attenuates NF-κβ Signalling Activation in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Under AMD-Mimicking Conditions. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2025, <i>26</i>, 11473.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Borovikov et al. The Twisting and Untwisting of Actin and Tropomyosin Filaments Are Involved in the Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Contraction, and Their Disruption Can Result in Muscle Disorders. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci</i>. 2025, <i>26</i>, 6705.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Molagoda et al. Flavonoid Glycosides from <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> var. <i>inermis</i> (Bunge) Rehder Seeds Inhibit α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Mediated Melanogenesis. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2021, <i>22</i>, 7701.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Guo et al. Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Maize Roots Under Lead Stress. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2024, <i>25</i>, 6050.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Chang et al. Improvement of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Hepatic Failure by Transplantation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Without Reprogramming Factor c-Myc. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2012, <i>13</i>, 3598-3617.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Measuring Mitochondrial Substrate Flux in Recombinant Perfringolysin O-Permeabilized Cells
06:17

Measuring Mitochondrial Substrate Flux in Recombinant Perfringolysin O-Permeabilized Cells

Published on: August 13, 2021

2.5K

Rho/SRF Inhibitor Modulates Mitochondrial Functions.

Pankaj Patyal1, Bachkhoa Nguyen1, Xiaomin Zhang1

  • 1Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics and Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CCG-1423, a Rho A pathway inhibitor, disrupts mitochondrial function by reducing oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production. This small molecule also affects the actin cytoskeleton and histone acetylation.

Keywords:
CCG-1423acetylationmitochondrial functionserum response factor

More Related Videos

Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Sciatic Nerve by High-Resolution Respirometry
08:19

Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Sciatic Nerve by High-Resolution Respirometry

Published on: May 5, 2022

2.5K
Exploring Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism of Single 3D Microtissue Spheroids Using Extracellular Flux Analysis
08:15

Exploring Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism of Single 3D Microtissue Spheroids Using Extracellular Flux Analysis

Published on: February 3, 2022

3.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Measuring Mitochondrial Substrate Flux in Recombinant Perfringolysin O-Permeabilized Cells
06:17

Measuring Mitochondrial Substrate Flux in Recombinant Perfringolysin O-Permeabilized Cells

Published on: August 13, 2021

2.5K
Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Sciatic Nerve by High-Resolution Respirometry
08:19

Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Sciatic Nerve by High-Resolution Respirometry

Published on: May 5, 2022

2.5K
Exploring Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism of Single 3D Microtissue Spheroids Using Extracellular Flux Analysis
08:15

Exploring Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism of Single 3D Microtissue Spheroids Using Extracellular Flux Analysis

Published on: February 3, 2022

3.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • CCG-1423 inhibits Rho/SRF-mediated transcription, impacting cellular functions.
  • Serum response factor (SRF) and its cofactors regulate diverse cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of CCG-1423 on mitochondrial function.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying CCG-1423's impact on cellular metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Mitochondrial function assessed using XFe96 Analyzer and Oxygraph 2k.
  • Analysis of oxidative phosphorylation, glycolytic rate, and histone acetylation.
  • Immunolabeling for F-actin and mitochondria.

Main Results:

  • CCG-1423 dose-dependently reduced oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production.
  • Increased glycolytic rate observed with CCG-1423 treatment.
  • Histone 4 hyperacetylation and alterations in actin cytoskeleton and mitochondria were noted.

Conclusions:

  • CCG-1423 inhibits SRF/p49 and PGC-1α, β transcription, downregulating mitochondrial genes.
  • The drug represses mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, leading to reduced ATP.
  • Findings offer insights into CCG-1423's mitochondrial effects for potential clinical applications.