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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Enhancer RNA (eRNA) in Human Diseases.

Yunzhe Wang1, Chenyang Zhang2, Yuxiang Wang2

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), a type of non-coding RNA, play a crucial role in gene regulation. Aberrant eRNA expression is linked to various human diseases, highlighting their diagnostic and therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
cancercardiovascular diseaseeRNAenhancer RNAmetabolic diseaseneurodegenerative disordertranscriptional regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are non-coding RNAs transcribed from enhancer elements.
  • eRNAs function as critical regulators of gene expression.
  • Aberrant eRNA expression is associated with diverse human pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the pathological roles of eRNAs.
  • To explore the clinical utility of eRNAs in human diseases.
  • To understand eRNA involvement in disease mechanisms for diagnosis and therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on eRNAs in human diseases.
  • Synthesis of information on eRNA pathological mechanisms.
  • Analysis of eRNA potential in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.

Main Results:

  • eRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis of cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic diseases.
  • Dysregulated eRNA expression is a common feature across various human diseases.
  • eRNAs show significant potential for clinical applications.

Conclusions:

  • eRNAs are key players in the molecular mechanisms underlying human diseases.
  • Understanding eRNA function offers insights into disease processes.
  • eRNAs hold considerable promise for therapeutic interventions across a spectrum of diseases.