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Virus-Associated Nephropathies: A Narrative Review.
Christophe Masset1,2, Paul Le Turnier3, Céline Bressollette-Bodin2,4
1Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Service de Néphrologie et Immunologie Clinique, CHU Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 14, 2022
Summary
Viral infections can cause severe kidney injuries, especially in immunocompromised patients. This review guides diagnosis and treatment of virus-associated nephropathies for better patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Most viral infections resolve spontaneously with mild symptoms.
- However, severe or prolonged manifestations can occur, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
- Kidney injuries in viral infections stem from infection severity, drug toxicity, or direct/indirect viral-associated nephropathy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review described virus-associated nephropathies.
- To guide diagnosis strategies and treatments for acute kidney injury (AKI) during viral infections.
- To enhance understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms for improved clinical management.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of described virus-associated nephropathies.
- Analysis of factors influencing nephropathy occurrence, including viral epidemiology, renal tropism, and host immune response.
- Synthesis of direct and indirect injury mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Virus-associated nephropathy occurrence is multifactorial.
- Key determinants include viral epidemiology, viral tropism for renal cells, and the host's immune status, especially immunosuppression.
- Pathophysiological mechanisms involve both direct viral effects and indirect immune-mediated damage.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the pathophysiology of virus-associated nephropathies is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment.
- This review provides a framework for managing AKI in patients with concomitant viral infections.
- Improved comprehension aids physicians in diagnosing and treating these complex renal complications.
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