Deltoid ligament: an anatomical evaluation of function

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Biomechanics
• Anatomy

Background:

• The deltoid ligament complex is vital for ankle joint stability.
• Understanding its specific functional roles is crucial for treating ankle injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the function of the deltoid ligament and its subdivisions.
• To determine the primary and secondary restraints against talar motion.

Main Methods:

• Cadaveric dissection and functional testing of the deltoid ligament.
• Assessment of resistance to valgus tilting and talar excursion.

Main Results:

• The deltoid ligament is the primary restraint against valgus tilting of the talus.
• Both superficial and deep components equally contribute to resisting valgus tilting.
• The deep deltoid ligament acts as a secondary restraint against lateral and anterior talar excursion.

Conclusions:

• The deltoid ligament plays a critical role in maintaining ankle stability, particularly against valgus forces.
• The lateral malleolus and associated ligaments are the primary stabilizers against lateral talar displacement.