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Incremental Numerical Approach for Modeling the Macroscopic Viscoelastic Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Composites

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Composite Materials

Background:

  • Epoxy-based fiber-reinforced materials are crucial in engineering applications.
  • Understanding their viscoelastic behavior, particularly stress relaxation, is essential for predicting long-term performance.
  • Existing models often require complex parameterization for anisotropic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the stress relaxation behavior of epoxy-based fiber-reinforced materials.
  • To adapt an incremental formulation for orthotropic linear viscoelasticity to Voigt notation and isotropic cases.
  • To develop a novel method for incrementally describing macroscopic viscoelastic behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Adaptation of an existing incremental formulation for orthotropic linear viscoelasticity.
  • Virtual relaxation tests on a representative volume element (RVE).
  • Implementation in an incremental finite element model (FEM) analysis.

Main Results:

  • Individual components of the relaxation tensor were determined for transversely isotropic composites.
  • Each relaxation tensor component can be described by a scalar form factor and neat resin behavior when only one viscoelastic material is present.
  • Promising agreement was achieved up to 15 °C (longitudinal) and 35 °C (transverse) below the glass transition temperature.

Conclusions:

  • A novel, controllable method for incrementally describing macroscopic viscoelastic behavior of materials with a single viscoelastic component was demonstrated.
  • The developed finite element model (FEM) approach offers good predictability for engineering purposes.
  • The method validates the simplification of complex relaxation tensor components through scalar form factors.