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Related Concept Videos

Creep in Concrete01:22

Creep in Concrete

397
Creep refers to the time-dependent increase in strain under a sustained load, excluding other time-dependent deformations associated with shrinkage, swelling, and thermal expansion in concrete. The primary mechanism behind creep involves the loss of physically adsorbed water from the calcium silicate hydrate within the hydrated cement paste. This process is further exacerbated by concrete's non-linear stress-strain relationship, microcrack development in the interfacial transition zone, and...
397
Effects of Creep01:25

Effects of Creep

213
Creep in concrete, the gradual deformation under prolonged stress, significantly impacts the integrity of structures. For reinforced concrete beams, it can be a vital design consideration, as it increases deflection, sometimes necessitating additional design measures. In columns, especially slender ones under eccentric loads, creep can cause buckling, compromising their stability. However, creep can be beneficial in indeterminate structures by mitigating stresses that arise from shrinkage,...
213
Factors Affecting Creep01:28

Factors Affecting Creep

196
In normal-weight aggregate concrete, the hardened cement paste is the primary contributor to creep, whereas the aggregates, being stiffer than the cement paste, are more resilient to stress-induced deformation. The stiffness of the aggregates is defined by their modulus of elasticity, and the more voluminous they are in the concrete, the less it will creep.
Further, the water/cement ratio is critical, as a lower ratio increases concrete strength, thus reducing creep. The strength of the...
196
Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete01:16

Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete

495
The dynamic modulus of elasticity assesses how a concrete structure deforms under impact or dynamic loads. It is typically higher than the static modulus of elasticity, measured under slow, steady loading conditions.
The sonic test is a common method to determine the dynamic modulus. In this test, a concrete beam, sized either 6 x 6 x 30 inches or 4 x 4 x 20 inches, is clamped at its center. Vibrations are initiated at one end of the beam by an electromagnetic exciter unit powered by...
495
Fatigue Strength of Concrete01:22

Fatigue Strength of Concrete

256
Fatigue, in the context of materials science and engineering, refers to the weakening or failure of a material caused by repeatedly applied loads, even if these loads are below the strength limit of the material. Fatigue strength in concrete is a critical property that influences its durability and longevity. Concrete can fail in two ways due to fatigue. Static fatigue or creep rupture occurs under a constant load or one that increases slowly. The other failure mode is due to cyclical or...
256
Elasticity in Concrete01:20

Elasticity in Concrete

126
Upon subjecting concrete to moderate or high uniaxial compressive or tensile stresses, the strain response is non-linear relative to the stress applied. As the stress is removed, the resulting stress-strain curve deviates from the original path traced during loading, creating a hysteresis loop, indicative of the concrete's non-linear and non-elastic properties. Typically, a material's modulus of elasticity, which is a measure of the material's stiffness, is inferred from the linear...
126

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Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Cutting Procedures, Tensile Testing, and Ageing of Flexible Unidirectional Composite Laminates
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Nonlinear Creep Amplification Factor Considering Damage Evolution of Concrete under Compression.

Zuanfeng Pan1, Dong Cao2, Bin Zeng3

  • 1State Key Lab of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new explicit method for predicting concrete

Keywords:
amplification factorconcretedamagenonlinear creepstress level

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Area of Science:

  • Civil Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Structural Analysis

Background:

  • Concrete creep significantly impacts long-term structural deformation and safety.
  • Nonlinear creep can overestimate safety factors, compromising structural performance.
  • Coupling creep and damage models improves prediction but increases calculation complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an explicit method for nonlinear creep in concrete under compression, incorporating damage evolution.
  • To analyze the lower limit of stress for nonlinear creep initiation.
  • To develop an explicit formula for the nonlinear creep amplification coefficient.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental analysis of axial compression members under varying stress levels (0.2 fc and 0.4 fc).
  • Integration of concrete damage evolution laws with elastic creep and damage incremental strain.
  • Analysis of the nonlinear creep amplification coefficient considering humidity and component thickness.

Main Results:

  • The nonlinear creep amplification coefficient increases nonlinearly with stress level, especially above 0.6.
  • Higher concrete compressive strength leads to a decreased creep amplification coefficient at a given stress level.
  • Identified the lower limit for medium stress levels inducing nonlinear creep.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed explicit method accurately predicts nonlinear creep considering damage evolution.
  • The developed formula provides a practical tool for engineers to assess nonlinear creep effects.
  • A stress level range of 0.35-0.75 is recommended for studying nonlinear creep amplification factors.