Green Extraction Processes for Complex Samples from Vegetable Matrices Coupled with On-Line Detection System: A...

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Green Chemistry
• Food Science

Background:

• Reliable analysis of analytes in complex organic matrices necessitates meticulous sample preparation.
• Sample preparation is often the most time-consuming, error-prone, and reliability-limiting step in analytical investigations.
• Advancements in extraction techniques and automation are crucial for improving analytical efficiency and accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review advantages and limitations of bioactive compound extraction and sample preparation techniques.
• To explore automation and on-line detection coupling in analytical workflows.
• To present state-of-the-art green extraction techniques for complex vegetable matrices and analyze research trends via bibliometric analysis.

Main Methods:

• Longitudinal bibliometric analysis of relevant publications.
• Evaluation of extraction techniques including solid-phase extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and pressurized liquid extraction.
• Assessment of automation and on-line detection coupling.

Main Results:

• Solid-phase extraction is the most common technique for liquid samples in combined systems.
• For on-line extraction from solid samples, green techniques like supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and pressurized liquid extraction are prevalent.
• Bibliometric analysis identified key trends and hot topics in the research area.

Conclusions:

• Optimized sample preparation is critical for reliable analysis of bioactive compounds.
• Green extraction techniques offer sustainable and efficient alternatives for complex sample matrices, particularly from vegetables.
• Automation and on-line detection coupling significantly enhance analytical workflow efficiency and reliability.