Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model01:18

Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model

9.7K
According to the molecular orbital (MO) model, benzene has a planar structure with a regular hexagon of six sp2 hybridized carbons. As shown in Figure 1, each carbon is bonded to three other atoms with C–C–C and H–C–C bond angles of 120°. The C–H bond length is 109 pm, and the C–C bond length is 139 pm which is midway between the single bond length of sp3 hybridized carbons (154 pm) and sp2 hybridized carbons (133 pm).
9.7K
Criteria for Aromaticity and the Hückel 4n + 2 Rule01:20

Criteria for Aromaticity and the Hückel 4n + 2 Rule

11.1K
Like benzene, cyclobutadiene and cyclooctatetraene are cyclic compounds with alternate single and double bonds. However, their chemical behavior differs from benzene, as they are unstable and not aromatic. So, what are the structural characteristics of unsaturated compounds categorized as aromatic?  
For the first time, Eric Hückel, a German chemical physicist, derived a set of structural features for a compound to be classified as aromatic. This is now known as...
11.1K
Frost Circles for Different Conjugated Systems01:18

Frost Circles for Different Conjugated Systems

2.8K
The inscribed polygon method is consistent with Hückel’s 4n + 2 rule and helps to learn whether the given cyclic compound is aromatic or not. The compound is stable and aromatic if every bonding molecular orbital (MO) is completely filled with a pair of electrons. However, if the non-bonding or antibonding orbitals are filled with electrons, the compound is unstable and not aromatic. Consider the Frost circle diagrams for cycloalkenes containing 4 to 8 carbons.
2.8K
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

2.9K
Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
2.9K
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview

2.9K
Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
Due to the absence of continuous...
2.9K
Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

12.8K
Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...
12.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Bioactive phytochemicals of jasmine oil and their role in managing hypertension: A combined clinical and <i>in-silico</i> study.

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences·2026
Same author

Clinical Characteristics and Microbiology of Bloodstream Infections in Hemodialysis-Dependent Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Study from Five Hemodialysis Centers in Saudi Arabia.

Avicenna journal of medicine·2026
Same author

Grey matter degeneration during multiple sclerosis is linked to activation of neuronal necroptosis by oxidized phosphatidylcholines.

Research square·2026
Same author

Predicting habitat suitability of weed species Lysimachia arvensis (L.) U. Manns & Anderb. in wheat cropping systems using machine learning approach.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

The coherence analysis and Laplacian spectrum applications of cycle-based iterative networks.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Exploring Spectral Graph Theory in Combinatorial Chemistry.

Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Microscopic Visualization of Porous Nanographenes Synthesized through a Combination of Solution and On-Surface Chemistry
08:18

Microscopic Visualization of Porous Nanographenes Synthesized through a Combination of Solution and On-Surface Chemistry

Published on: March 4, 2021

1.8K

On Topological Properties for Benzenoid Planar Octahedron Networks.

Jia-Bao Liu1, Haidar Ali2, Qurat Ul Ain2

  • 1School of Mathematics and Physics, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study calculates exact topological indices for benzenoid networks using vertex degrees. These chemical descriptors help understand molecular structures and properties.

Keywords:
Randić indexbenzenoid planar octahedron networksforgotten indexreclassified Zagreb indicestopological index

More Related Videos

Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units
09:35

Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units

Published on: September 18, 2016

11.6K
Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Microscopic Visualization of Porous Nanographenes Synthesized through a Combination of Solution and On-Surface Chemistry
08:18

Microscopic Visualization of Porous Nanographenes Synthesized through a Combination of Solution and On-Surface Chemistry

Published on: March 4, 2021

1.8K
Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units
09:35

Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units

Published on: September 18, 2016

11.6K
Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Theoretical Chemistry
  • Chemical Graph Theory
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Chemical descriptors are numerical representations of molecular structures.
  • Topological descriptors correlate molecular structure with physical properties.
  • Graph theory is crucial for chemical network analysis and design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate benzenoid networks in theoretical chemistry.
  • To calculate exact topological indices for these networks.
  • To utilize end-vertex degrees for index computation.

Main Methods:

  • Focusing on benzenoid networks.
  • Applying graph theoretical concepts.
  • Calculating topological indices based on vertex degrees.

Main Results:

  • Exact topological indices were computed for benzenoid networks.
  • The method relies on the degrees of end vertices.
  • This provides a precise structural characterization.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully calculated exact topological indices for benzenoid networks.
  • The findings contribute to understanding structure-property relationships.
  • This method offers a precise approach for chemical network analysis.