Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of New butenolide Containing Methoxyacrylate Scaffold

In order to improve the antifungal activity of new butenolides containing oxime ether moiety, a series of new butenolide compounds containing methoxyacrylate scaffold were designed and synthesized, based on the previous reports. Their structures were characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, HR-MS spectra, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The in vitro antifungal activities were evaluated by the mycelium growth rate method. The results showed that the inhibitory activities of these new compounds against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were significantly improved, in comparison with that of the lead compound 3-8; the EC₅₀ values of V-6 and VI-7 against S. sclerotiorum were 1.51 and 1.81 mg/L, nearly seven times that of 3-8 (EC₅₀ 10.62 mg/L). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation indicated that compound VI-3 had a significant impact on the structure and function of the hyphal cell of S. sclerotiorum mycelium and the positive control trifloxystrobin. Molecular simulation docking results indicated that the introduction of methoxyacrylate scaffold is beneficial to improving the antifungal activity of these compounds against S. sclerotiorum, which can be used as the lead for further structure optimization.