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Hypericum Genus as a Natural Source for Biologically Active Compounds.

Gonçalo Infante Caldeira1, Luís Pleno Gouveia1, Rita Serrano1

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Hypericum plants yield numerous natural products with diverse biological activities, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. This review synthesizes known compounds and their associated activities, highlighting knowledge gaps in linking metabolites to specific plant sources and actions.

Keywords:
Hypericumacylphloroglucinolsanticancerbiological activitynatural products

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Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Ethnomedicine

Background:

  • The *Hypericum* genus is globally distributed, with species traditionally used for various ailments.
  • Numerous secondary metabolites from *Hypericum* species exhibit significant in vitro/in vivo biological activities.
  • These activities include cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize current knowledge on *Hypericum* plants as sources of natural products with potential clinical biological activity.
  • To identify documented natural products, their associated *Hypericum* species, and their confirmed biological activities.
  • To highlight gaps in the literature regarding the comprehensive characterization of these natural products.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic bibliographic search was conducted following Cochrane Collaboration guidelines.
  • Data were collected on natural products, their *Hypericum* species of origin, and documented biological activities.
  • Identified compounds were classified by chemical class and associated biological effects.

Main Results:

  • 414 distinct natural products with confirmed biological activities were documented from 58 *Hypericum* species.
  • Phloroglucinols, acylphloroglucinols, xanthones, and benzophenones were the predominant chemical classes.
  • Key biological activities include selective cytotoxicity against tumor cells, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidepressant, anti-Alzheimer's, and adipogenesis inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • *Hypericum* species are rich sources of diverse natural products with significant therapeutic potential.
  • Acylphloroglucinols are particularly noted for their anticancer and cell-protective properties.
  • A comprehensive database linking secondary metabolites to species, extraction methods, mechanisms, and activities is currently lacking.