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GC-MS Profiling, Anti-Helicobacter pylori, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Three Apiaceous Fruits' Essential Oils
Hatun A Alomar1, Noha Fathallah2, Marwa M Abdel-Aziz3
1Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori is a challenge due to rising antibiotic resistance and GIT-related disorders. Cuminum cyminum, Pimpinella anisum, and Carum carvi are fruits belonging to the Apiaceae family. Their essential oils were extracted, analyzed using GC-MS, tested for anti-H. pylori activity by a micro-well dilution technique, identified for potential anti-H. pylori inhibitors by an in-silico study, and investigated for anti-inflammatory activity using a COX-2 inhibition assay. Results showed that the main components of C. cyminum, P. anisum, and C. carvi were cumaldehyde (41.26%), anethole (92.41%), and carvone (51.38%), respectively. Essential oil of C. cyminum exhibited the greatest anti-H. pylori activity (3.9 µg/mL) followed by P. anisum (15.63 µg/mL), while C. carvi showed the lowest activity (62.5 µg/mL). The in-silico study showed that cumaldehyde in C. cyminum has the best fitting energy to inhibit H. pylori.C. cyminum essential oil showed the maximum ability to reduce the production of Cox-2 expression approaching celecoxib with IC50 = 1.8 ± 0.41 µg/mL, followed by the C. carvi oil IC50 = 7.3 ± 0.35 µg/mL and then oil of P. anisum IC50 = 10.7±0.63 µg/mL. The investigated phytochemicals in this study can be used as potential adjunct therapies with conventional antibiotics against H. pylori.
Insights
Essential oils from Cuminum cyminum, Pimpinella anisum, and Carum carvi show potent anti-Helicobacter pylori and anti-inflammatory activity. Cuminum cyminum oil, rich in cumaldehyde, demonstrated the strongest effects, suggesting potential as an adjunct therapy.
Area of Science:
- Phytochemistry
- Microbiology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Eradicating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is increasingly difficult due to antibiotic resistance and gastrointestinal disorders.
- Essential oils from Apiaceae family fruits like Cuminum cyminum, Pimpinella anisum, and Carum carvi are explored for medicinal properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the anti-H. pylori and anti-inflammatory potential of essential oils from C. cyminum, P. anisum, and C. carvi.
- To identify key inhibitory compounds and their mechanisms of action against H. pylori and inflammation.
Main Methods:
- Extraction and GC-MS analysis of essential oils from C. cyminum, P. anisum, and C. carvi.
- Micro-well dilution technique to assess anti-H. pylori activity.
- In-silico study to predict H. pylori inhibitors.
- COX-2 inhibition assay for anti-inflammatory activity.
Main Results:
- C. cyminum oil showed the highest anti-H. pylori activity (3.9 µg/mL), followed by P. anisum (15.63 µg/mL) and C. carvi (62.5 µg/mL).
- Cuminaldehyde in C. cyminum essential oil demonstrated significant binding affinity for H. pylori inhibition in silico.
- C. cyminum essential oil exhibited potent COX-2 inhibition (IC50 = 1.8 µg/mL), surpassing C. carvi and P. anisum oils.
Conclusions:
- Essential oils from C. cyminum, P. anisum, and C. carvi possess significant anti-H. pylori and anti-inflammatory properties.
- C. cyminum essential oil, particularly its component cuminaldehyde, shows promise as a therapeutic agent against H. pylori infections.
- These phytochemicals can serve as potential adjunct therapies alongside conventional antibiotics for H. pylori management.
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