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Related Concept Videos

Beams with Symmetric Loadings01:15

Beams with Symmetric Loadings

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The moment-area method is an analytical tool used in structural engineering to determine the slope and deflection of beams under various loads. Consider a cantilever with a concentrated load and moment at the free end. The first step is constructing a free-body diagram to calculate the reactions at the fixed end. Next, the bending moment diagram is plotted to visualize how the bending moment varies along the beam's length, focusing on points where the bending moment equals zero.
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Analyzing a supported beam under unsymmetrical loadings is essential in structural engineering to understand how beams respond to varied force distributions. This analysis involves calculating the deflection and identifying points where the slope of the beam is zero, which are crucial for ensuring structural stability and functionality.
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In the design of a supported timber beam subjected to a distributed load, both the beam's physical dimensions and the timber's characteristics, such as its grade and species, are critical. These factors determine the allowable stress values, which are crucial for calculating the necessary beam depth to ensure structural integrity and safety.
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A cantilever beam with a rectangular cross-section under distributed and point loads experiences shearing stresses. The analysis begins by identifying the loads acting on the beam. Then, the reactions at the beam's fixed end are calculated using equilibrium equations. The vertical reaction is a combination of the distributed and point loads, while the moment reaction is the sum of their moments. The shear force distribution along the beam, resulting from these loads, is established by...
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Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
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Threshold-Based User-Assisted Cooperative Relaying in Beamspace Massive MIMO NOMA Systems.

David Alimo1, Masanori Hamamura1,2, Saifur Rahman Sabuj3,4

  • 1Graduate School of Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami City 782-8502, Japan.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Threshold-based cooperative relaying enhances millimeter wave (mmWave) communications by improving spectral and energy efficiency in beamspace massive MIMO NOMA systems. This method boosts performance for mobile users at the cell edge.

Keywords:
beamspacecooperative relayingmassive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO)non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)

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Area of Science:

  • Wireless Communications
  • Signal Processing
  • Information Theory

Background:

  • Millimeter wave (mmWave) communications face coverage limitations.
  • Massive MIMO (mMIMO) and NOMA offer potential solutions but require optimization.
  • User-assisted cooperative relaying can extend coverage and improve efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate a threshold-based user-assisted cooperative relaying scheme in a beamspace mMIMO NOMA system.
  • To enhance spectral and energy efficiency for mobile user terminals (MUTs), especially at the cell edge.
  • To analyze the outage probability for cell-edge MUTs.

Main Methods:

  • Implementing threshold-based relaying where intermediate MUTs relay signals upon meeting an SINR threshold.
  • Utilizing a zero-forcing (ZF) precoder and iterative power allocation to minimize interference.
  • Deriving an analytic expression for the outage probability of the cell-edge MUT.

Main Results:

  • The proposed scheme significantly improves spectral and energy efficiency compared to existing systems.
  • Outage probability for cell-edge MUTs is analyzed and an expression is derived.
  • Performance gains are demonstrated in a delay-intolerant cell-edge scenario.

Conclusions:

  • Threshold-based user-assisted cooperative relaying is an effective strategy for beamspace mMIMO NOMA systems.
  • The proposed system offers superior performance in terms of spectrum efficiency, energy efficiency, and outage probability.
  • This approach is particularly beneficial for extending coverage and reliability in mmWave communications.