Monolithic 3D phase profile formation in glass for spatial and temporal control of optical waves

Optical manufacturing technologies play a central role in modern science and engineering. Progress on both subtractive and additive fabrications is transforming the implementation of optical technologies. Despite the recent advances, modern fabrication still faces challenges in the accuracy, dimension, durability, intensity, and wavelength range. Here we present a direct monolithic 3D phase profile formation in glass and demonstrate its versatile applications for high-accuracy spatial and temporal control of optical waves in the extreme wavelength and intensity domains, direct fabrication of microlenses, and in situ aberration correction for refractive components. These advances and flexibilities will provide a new dimension for high-performance optical design and manufacture and enable novel applications in a broad range of disciplines.