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Multi-channel higher-order OAM generation and switching based on a mode selective interferometer.

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    This study introduces a novel fiber optic device for generating and switching orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes across multiple wavelengths. The method achieves high-purity OAM mode generation and switching, crucial for advanced optical communication systems.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Physics
    • Photonics
    • Fiber Optics

    Background:

    • Orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing offers enhanced capacity in optical communications.
    • Efficient generation and switching of OAM modes are critical for practical implementation.
    • Existing methods often face limitations in multi-channel and high-purity OAM generation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a multi-channel OAM mode generation and switching scheme.
    • To utilize an in-fiber mode selective interferometer (MSI) for OAM manipulation.
    • To achieve high-purity generation of higher-order azimuthal modes (HAMs) at multiple wavelengths.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a mode selective interferometer (MSI) using two long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) in a four-mode fiber.
    • Optimization of structural parameters for mode coupling between LP01 (OAM0) and a desired HAM (OAMl, l≥1).
    • Experimental verification using LPFGs to generate second-order HAM (OAM2 or LP21) across 17 wavelength channels.

    Main Results:

    • Successful generation of OAM2 mode at 17 wavelength channels with high efficiency (>90%) and purity (>97%).
    • Demonstration of switching between OAM0 and OAM2 modes across multiple channels by altering the MSI state.
    • MSI also functions as a wavelength band-rejection filter for different spatial modes.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed MSI scheme provides an effective method for multi-channel OAM generation and switching.
    • The high performance metrics indicate suitability for advanced optical communication and sensing applications.
    • The demonstrated flexibility of the MSI opens avenues for novel photonic device designs.