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Growth Hormone Excess: Implications and Management.

Suneela Dhaneshwar1, Shrishti Shandily1, Vatsalya Tiwari1

  • 1Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders Drug Targets
|October 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Acromegaly, caused by excess growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), leads to serious health issues. Early diagnosis and treatment, including surgery, radiation, and medication, improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

Keywords:
Growth hormone excessacromegalyinsulin-like growth factor 1pituitary adenomasomatotropinomatranssphenoidal surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Pituitary Disorders
  • Growth Hormone Axis

Background:

  • Acromegaly results from excessive growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) secretion, typically due to pituitary adenomas.
  • This condition causes progressive disfigurement and systemic complications, significantly reducing patients' quality of life and life expectancy.
  • Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and pulmonary dysfunctions are common consequences of prolonged GH and IGF-1 excess.

Approach:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases (Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) up to 2021.
  • Included were human research and review articles published in English, focusing on pathogenesis, diagnosis, comorbidities, mortality, and treatment strategies.
  • The review synthesizes scientific advancements in understanding and managing acromegaly.

Key Points:

  • Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial for decreasing mortality rates and improving patient quality of life.
  • Treatment options include surgery, advanced radiation therapy, and pharmacological agents targeting GH-producing cells.
  • Pharmacological treatment is a vital management option, particularly for patients unsuitable for or unresponsive to surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding acromegaly's pathogenesis and diagnosis.
  • Modern treatment modalities have improved clinical outcomes, reduced mortality, and enhanced patient well-being.
  • Future strategies focus on novel treatments and incorporating quality of life and patient-reported outcomes into management plans.