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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Tertiary Syphilis Masquerading as Oropharyngeal Cancer.

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Syphilis is re-emerging, with atypical tongue lesions in immunocompromised patients potentially indicating tertiary syphilis. Early diagnosis via histopathology is crucial for effective treatment and management of this re-emerging disease.

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hiv aidsimmuno suppresionoral mucosal lesionsoral syphilissyphilistertiary syphilis

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Syphilis, caused by *Treponema pallidum*, is re-emerging in the U.S.
  • The bacterium possesses immunoevasive properties, leading to widespread tissue involvement.
  • Host immune status, especially HIV/AIDS, impacts syphilis presentation and severity.

Observation:

  • HIV-syphilis co-infected patients can present with atypical lesions, including oropharyngeal involvement.
  • Immunocompromised patients with tongue lesions and lymphadenopathy require a broad differential diagnosis.
  • Gummas of the tongue can be an initial manifestation of tertiary syphilis.

Findings:

  • Histopathologic analysis of tissue samples is indicated for immunocompromised patients with unexplained tongue lesions.
  • Tertiary syphilis can manifest atypically, presenting as a gumma of the tongue.
  • The re-emergence of syphilis necessitates awareness of diverse clinical presentations.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering tertiary syphilis in immunocompromised individuals with unusual oral lesions.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to manage syphilis effectively.
  • Understanding atypical presentations aids in early detection and public health interventions for re-emerging infectious diseases.