Spontaneous regression of asymptomatic tumefactive perivascular spaces in the anterior temporal lobe

Perivascular spaces are fluid-filled spaces that surround the perforating vessels of the brain and are normal findings on brain imaging. These are usually asymptomatic and are considered a manifestation of aging. Perivascular spaces occasionally undergo significant enlargement and are referred to as tumefactive perivascular spaces, which are often indistinguishable from neoplastic lesions. Spontaneous regression of tumefactive perivascular spaces during follow-up is rare. We report the imaging findings and clinical course of a patient who showed spontaneous regression of tumefactive perivascular spaces in the anterior temporal lobe, together with a literature review and discussion regarding the characteristics and pathogenesis of spontaneous regression of tumefactive perivascular spaces. Most studies in the available literature report tumefactive perivascular spaces in the anterior temporal lobe; in our view, the characteristics of anterior temporal lobe tumefactive perivascular spaces may differ from those of tumefactive perivascular spaces that occur at other locations.