Titanium membrane layered between fluvastatin-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid for guided bone regeneration

The aim of this study was to investigate titanium membranes (TMs) layered between poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) containing fluvastatin (FS) for use in guided bone regeneration. Membranes consisting of PLGA, FS-containing PLGA (PLGA-FS), TM layered between PLGA (TM-PLGA) and TM layered between FS-containing PLGA (TM-PLGA-FS) were prepared, and their mechanical and chemical properties were evaluated. The TM groups showed statistically significant differences, in terms of tensile strength and elastic modulus, when compared to the PLGA groups. The release of FS was demonstrated to be higher in the TM-PLGA-FS group than the PLGA-FS group after Day 14. The effect of membrane implantation on the calvaria of Wistar rats was measured using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and morphometrical analyses, as well as histological observations. At 4 weeks, the TM-PLGA-FS and TM-PLGA groups were found to have lower bone mineral density but higher bone formation, when compared to the control and PLGA groups. At 8 weeks, the use of TM-PLGA-FS membranes significantly enhanced bone formation in the calvaria model, compared to the other groups. These results suggest that a TM layered between PLGA containing FS potentially enhances bone formation, thus showing good potential as a GBR membrane.