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Related Concept Videos

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During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis. 
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Symmetry-based classification of forces driving chromatin dynamics.

Iraj Eshghi1, Alexandra Zidovska1, Alexander Y Grosberg1

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Active forces in the cell nucleus create non-equilibrium phenomena. A new model shows that specific force types drive significant chromatin and nucleoplasm flows, detectable via hydrodynamic fluctuations.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Polymer Physics

Background:

  • Chromatin, the cell's DNA polymer, is immersed in nucleoplasmic fluid.
  • Cellular processes generate active forces, leading to non-equilibrium conditions affecting chromatin organization and dynamics.
  • The physical principles governing these active phenomena remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of different active force types on chromatin and nucleoplasm dynamics.
  • To expand a two-fluid model by incorporating three distinct force dipole configurations.
  • To understand emergent physical phenomena in active, non-equilibrium biological systems.

Main Methods:

  • Development and analysis of a two-fluid model for chromatin and nucleoplasm.
  • Inclusion of three distinct force dipole models representing cellular activity.
  • Mathematical modeling to analyze fluid flows and emergent properties.

Main Results:

  • A specific force dipole type, pushing chromatin and solvent in opposite directions, generates the most significant flows across various scales.
  • Viscosity and inter-fluid friction lead to emergent screening length scales in active flows.
  • The model predicts that distinct activity types and strengths influence hydrodynamic fluctuations.

Conclusions:

  • Active forces are crucial drivers of chromatin and nucleoplasm organization and dynamics.
  • The type and configuration of active forces significantly impact fluidic behavior within the nucleus.
  • Analysis of hydrodynamic fluctuation power spectra can reveal details about nuclear active processes.