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Multisystem physiological perspective of human frailty and its modulation by physical activity
Joseph A Taylor1, Paul L Greenhaff1,2, David B Bartlett3,4
1MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Physiological Reviews
|October 14, 2022
Summary
Frailty, a state of increased vulnerability in aging, requires further study. Understanding its physiological basis and multisystem dysregulation is key to developing targeted interventions for older adults.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Physiology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Frailty is an aging-associated condition of increased vulnerability and reduced resilience.
- Rising life expectancy necessitates understanding frailty's clinical and physiological drivers.
- Current definitions of frailty have limitations in explaining its pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the physiological phenotype of age-related frailty.
- To identify knowledge gaps and potential mechanistic drivers of frailty.
- To examine exercise interventions for frailty.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical definitions and physiological components of frailty.
- Analysis of organ systems involved: adiposity, brain, neuromuscular, skeletal muscle, immune, and cardiovascular.
- Examination of existing human studies on exercise interventions.
Main Results:
- Frailty involves functional declines (e.g., poor balance, falls) and multisystem dysregulation.
- Key physiological systems contributing to frailty identified.
- Exercise interventions show potential in mitigating frailty.
Conclusions:
- More longitudinal and interventional studies are needed in older adults.
- Detailed physiological phenotyping is crucial for understanding frailty progression.
- Identifying mechanistic drivers will enable targeted interventions to reduce frailty.
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