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Local Yield and Compliance in Active Cell Monolayers.

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  • 1Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.

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|October 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Tissue rheology transitions between solid and fluid states, influenced by cell properties. Probe motion in solid tissues reveals distinct behaviors based on cell deformability, impacting transport.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cellular Mechanics
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Biological tissue rheology is crucial for processes like organ development and cancer metastasis.
  • Understanding active microrheology in cellular tissues is key to comprehending tissue dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To simulate active microrheology in a motile cell tissue monolayer using a multiphase field model.
  • To investigate the solid-to-liquid transition and the mechanical response of tissues to perturbation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a multiphase field model to simulate a tissue monolayer composed of motile cells.
  • Analyzed the rheological properties, including solid-like and fluid-like states, tuned by cell motility and deformability.
  • Introduced a probe particle to study local yield-stress behavior and the onset of motion.

Main Results:

  • Identified a transition between solid-like and fluid-like tissue states controlled by cell motility and deformability.
  • Observed local yield-stress behavior in solid tissues, with a threshold force for probe motion that decreases towards the transition.
  • Demonstrated that the onset of motion differs qualitatively between high (amorphous, compliant, smooth transition) and low (ordered, stiff, discontinuous transition) deformability regimes.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue rheology and cellular deformability significantly influence particle transport dynamics.
  • The findings suggest distinct mechanisms for cellular and nanoparticle transport in various tissue types.
  • Results provide insights into controlling transport phenomena within biological tissues.