Exo-type, endo-type and debranching amylolytic enzymes regulate breadmaking and storage qualities of gluten-free
Fangfang Zhao1, Yang Li1, Caiming Li2
1School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
Starch is crucial to gluten-free bread (GFB) quality. Amylolytic enzymes modified starch in situ during breadmaking, impacting the quality of both fresh and stored bread. Here, the breadmaking and storage properties of GFB with added endo-amylases, exo-amylases and debranching enzymes were compared. The results demonstrated that the addition of amylolytic enzymes, especially exo-amylases and debranching enzymes, facilitated interactions between the enzymatically modified starch segments and structural agents to improve the structure and texture of fresh GFB. Exo-type β-amylase produced lower crumb firming rate than endo-type α-amylase, although they produced similar retrogradation enthalpies and relative crystallinities. Maltooligosaccharide-forming enzymes with a non-strict endo-/exo-mode of cleavage and debranching enzymes markedly reduced the crumb firming rate and retrogradation enthalpy. Yet, maltooligosaccharide-forming enzymes produced a similar relative crystallinity as α-amylase, indicating that enzymes with endo-/exo-modes depended less on the reduction of starch recrystallization to retard crumb firming compared with debranching enzymes.
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