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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

188
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
297
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT01:30

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Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...
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Advances in Deep Learning for Tuberculosis Screening using Chest X-rays: The Last 5 Years Review.

K C Santosh1, Siva Allu2, Sivaramakrishnan Rajaraman3

  • 1Applied Artificial Intelligence (2AI) Research Lab Computer Science Department, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA. santosh.kc@usd.edu.

Journal of Medical Systems
|October 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Machine learning, particularly deep learning, shows promise for analyzing chest X-rays (CXRs) to screen for tuberculosis (TB). This review covers recent advances, methods, and challenges in DL for TB detection using CXR images.

Keywords:
Chest x-raysDeep learningMedical imagingSystematic reviewTuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging Analysis
  • Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
  • Pulmonary Disease Screening

Background:

  • Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have seen rapid growth in analyzing chest X-ray (CXR) images.
  • There is significant research interest in using these AI techniques for screening cardiopulmonary abnormalities, especially tuberculosis (TB).
  • Advances in deep learning, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have driven progress in AI-based CXR analysis for TB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review research on ML and DL techniques for TB screening using CXR images.
  • To identify data collections, methodological contributions, and promising methods from studies published between 2016 and 2021.
  • To discuss challenges and compare studies, including those extending beyond binary TB detection to region-of-interest localization.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 54 peer-reviewed research articles published from 2016 to 2021.
  • Analysis of data collections, methodological advancements, and identified challenges in DL for CXR-based TB screening.
  • Meta-analysis to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of different studies and techniques.

Main Results:

  • Identified a substantial body of research applying DL to CXR for TB screening.
  • Highlighted key data collections and innovative methodological contributions in the field.
  • Noted promising methods and persistent challenges in achieving accurate and robust TB detection from CXRs.
  • Observed a trend towards studies offering more than binary classification, such as localization of abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • Deep learning techniques show significant potential for improving the efficiency and accuracy of tuberculosis screening using chest X-rays.
  • The field is rapidly evolving, with ongoing research addressing challenges and exploring advanced applications like lesion localization.
  • Continued research and meta-analysis are crucial for advancing AI-driven diagnostic tools for pulmonary diseases like TB.