Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals
Published on: April 14, 2020
Excited-state absorption in thulium-doped materials in the near-infrared
Abstract:
Excited-state absorption (ESA) is a key process for upconversion pumping schemes of thulium (Tm3+) doped laser materials. We have systematically studied two ESA transitions in the near-infrared spectral range, namely 3F4 → 3F2,3 (at ∼1 µm) and 3F4 → 3H4 (at ∼1.5 µm), in various Tm3+-doped fluoride (ZBLAN glass, cubic KY3F10 and CaF2, tetragonal LiYF4 and LiLuF4, monoclinic BaY2F8 crystals) and oxide (cubic Y3Al5O12, orthorhombic YAlO3 crystals) laser materials, using a pump-probe method with a polarized light. An approach to calculate the constants of energy-transfer upconversion (ETU) is also presented.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission
IR Absorption Frequency: Delocalization
In IR...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions
IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization
Among the sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridized orbitals, sp orbitals have the maximum s character (50%). Consequently, the electrons are held more closely to the nucleus, resulting in stronger and shorter C–H bonds that...
Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
A pair of electrons in a...
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

