Parametric analysis and a predictive model for color difference during laser-induced coloration on titanium

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Surface Engineering
• Laser Processing

Background:

• Laser-induced coloration on metals is valuable but challenging due to complex, nonlinear factors affecting precise color control.
• Achieving consistent and predictable surface colors on metallic materials via laser processing remains a significant hurdle for industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the relationship between laser processing parameters and the resulting surface colors on titanium.
• To develop a precise method for controlling laser-induced coloration on titanium surfaces.
• To demonstrate the application of artificial neural networks (ANN) in optimizing laser coloration processes.

Main Methods:

• Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to systematically study the effects of individual and interacting processing parameters on titanium surface color.
• Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were developed to predict and match processing parameters with specific L*a*b* color values.
• Nanosecond pulsed laser processing was used to create art on titanium based on ANN-optimized parameters.

Main Results:

• Scanning speed, laser power, repetition rate, and hatch distance were identified as significant factors influencing titanium surface color.
• The ANN model demonstrated high precision in correlating processing parameters with desired L*a*b* color values, even with limited experimental data.
• Successful creation of unique art on titanium using ANN-guided laser parameter selection was achieved.

Conclusions:

• Laser processing parameters significantly impact titanium surface coloration, with RSM and ANN providing effective tools for understanding and control.
• ANN offers a robust solution for the nonlinear challenges in laser-induced coloration, enabling precise color matching.
• This research opens new avenues for industrial applications of laser-induced coloration, improving color consistency and enabling artistic expression.