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Electro-optic sampling based characterization of broad-band high efficiency THz-FEL.

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    |October 15, 2022
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    This study demonstrates high energy conversion efficiencies in terahertz (THz) free-electron lasers (FELs) using a tapered undulator and waveguide. Electro-optic sampling measured THz pulse waveforms, revealing complex waveguide FEL dynamics.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physics, Applied Physics
    • Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering

    Background:

    • Terahertz (THz) free-electron lasers (FELs) offer unique capabilities for generating high-power radiation.
    • Achieving high beam-to-radiation energy conversion efficiency is crucial for FEL performance.
    • Waveguide-based FELs can enhance interaction by matching velocities, but their dynamics are complex.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report the first electro-optic sampling (EOS) measurements of broadband THz FEL radiation in a zero-slippage resonant condition.
    • To investigate the complex dynamics within a waveguide FEL operating at high efficiency.
    • To reconstruct THz field waveforms in spatial and temporal domains.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a strongly tapered helical undulator at the zero-slippage resonant condition.
    • Employing a circular waveguide to match radiation group velocity with electron beam velocity.
    • Performing multi-shot and single-shot electro-optic sampling (EOS) for THz waveform reconstruction.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully measured broadband THz FEL radiation pulses using EOS.
    • Reconstructed THz field waveforms in both spatial and temporal domains.
    • Observed insights into the complex dynamics of waveguide FELs by varying electron beam energy.

    Conclusions:

    • The zero-slippage resonant condition with a tapered undulator and waveguide enables high THz FEL efficiency.
    • EOS is an effective technique for characterizing THz pulses from waveguide FELs.
    • The study provides valuable data for understanding and optimizing waveguide FEL performance.