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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
59
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

64
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
64
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

68
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
68
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

53
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
53
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

56
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
56

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Highly pathogenic coronaviruses and the kidney.

Fang Wang1, Xiao-Guo Suo2, Cong Wang3

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Lu'an 237006, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie
|October 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and related coronaviruses can cause kidney damage. This review examines COVID-19

Keywords:
COVID-19Highly pathogenic coronavirusKidney injuryMERS-CoVSARS-CoVSARS-CoV-2

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Nephrology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has led to a global pandemic with significant public health implications.
  • COVID-19 patients, particularly critically ill individuals, frequently develop kidney dysfunction and multiple organ failure.
  • Previous coronavirus outbreaks (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV) also demonstrated a high incidence of kidney injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiological and clinical features of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 infections.
  • To analyze the mechanisms by which COVID-19 affects various kidney diseases.
  • To explore the causes of secondary kidney diseases in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of epidemiological and clinical data.
  • Analysis of existing research on coronavirus-induced kidney injury.
  • Synthesis of information on pathogenic mechanisms and secondary kidney disease development.

Main Results:

  • Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, are associated with significant kidney damage.
  • Kidney injury is a common and severe complication in patients with COVID-19 and other related coronavirus infections.
  • Understanding the mechanisms is crucial for clinical management.

Conclusions:

  • Kidney damage is a critical concern across major coronavirus outbreaks.
  • Further research into COVID-19's impact on kidney diseases is essential.
  • This review provides a reference for preventing and treating coronavirus-related kidney injury.