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Manufacture of Concrete Masonry Units

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The process of manufacturing concrete masonry units begins by mixing stiff concrete composed of Portland cement, aggregates, and water. This mixture is then poured into metal molds. To ensure the concrete settles uniformly and to avoid separation of its components, the mixture in the molds is subjected to vibration. Shortly after, the still-wet blocks are removed from the molds and placed on racks.
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Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography

Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography

Published on: January 25, 2019

Interlocking design, programmable laser manufacturing and testing for architectured ceramics.

H Yazdani Sarvestani¹, I Esmail², Z Katz²

¹Aerospace Manufacturing Technology Center, National Research Council Canada, 5145 Decelles Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3T 2B2, Canada. hamidreza.yazdani@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca.

Scientific Reports

|October 15, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel laser manufacturing method for creating tough, impact-resistant ceramic systems. This technique enables precise control over material architecture and scalability for advanced ceramic applications.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Mechanical Engineering
Additive Manufacturing

Background:

Conventional ceramics are brittle, limiting their applications.
Advanced ceramic systems offer enhanced toughness and impact resistance.
Traditional manufacturing methods struggle with controllable and scalable fabrication of complex ceramic structures.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a precise and scalable manufacturing technique for topologically interlocking ceramic systems.
To investigate the impact resistance and deformation behavior of these novel ceramic structures.
To optimize ceramic architecture for improved toughness and damage tolerance.

Main Methods:

Utilized a programmable laser manufacturing system for subtractive fabrication.
Employed an optimized material removal method for near-net shaping.
Fabricated topologically interlocking ceramic systems with varying architectures (interlocking angles, block sizes).
Evaluated low-velocity impact performance using 3D digital image correlation.

Main Results:

The optimized interlocked ceramics demonstrated significantly higher deformation (up to 310%) compared to others.
Performance was tunable by controlling interlocking geometry and block size, influencing frictional sliding.
The developed method minimizes damage to ceramic building blocks.
Achieved tough, impact-resistant, and damage-tolerant ceramic systems.

Conclusions:

Laser-based subtractive manufacturing offers a versatile and scalable approach for producing advanced ceramic systems.
Topologically interlocking ceramic architectures enhance toughness and impact resistance.
Precise control over manufacturing parameters allows for tailored performance in flexible protection applications.