Chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles for transcutaneous immunization: Skin distribution in lysozyme-sensitized mice

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Immunology
• Materials Science

Background:

• Transcutaneous immunization (TI) offers a needle-free vaccination route.
• Poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles can encapsulate antigens for controlled release.
• Iontophoresis (IP) enhances transdermal drug delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy of combined PLGA nanoparticles and iontophoresis for transcutaneous immunization.
• To assess the immune response, including antibody titers and allergic reactions, to hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) delivered via this method.

Main Methods:

• Preparation of HEL-loaded PLGA nanoparticles using an antisolvent diffusion method.
• Ex vivo skin accumulation studies with fluorescent nanoparticles.
• In vivo percutaneous immunoreactivity studies in lysozyme-sensitized mice, measuring antibody titers, total IgE, cytokines, histamine, and rectal temperature.

Main Results:

• PLGA nanoparticles efficiently delivered HEL to antigen-presenting cells in the skin.
• Combined PLGA nanoparticles and IP significantly increased HEL-specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibody titers compared to controls.
• This combined approach reduced total IgE concentration and indicated a shift towards Th1 immune response, potentially mitigating anaphylaxis.

Conclusions:

• The combination of PLGA nanoparticles and iontophoresis is an effective strategy for transcutaneous immunization.
• This method enhances antigen-specific antibody production and may suppress allergic responses.
• This approach shows promise as a needle-free alternative to traditional immunization methods.