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Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
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Spinal Mobilization and Manipulation in Horses.

Kevin K Haussler1, Tim N Holt2

  • 1Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, 2350 Gillette Drive, 1621 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1621, USA.

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|October 16, 2022
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Summary

Spinal mobilization and manipulation techniques show promise in equine practice, improving joint motion, reducing pain, and enhancing performance. A tiered approach to treatment is recommended for optimal outcomes.

Keywords:
Back painChiropracticHorseManual therapyMuscle hypertonicityOsteopathyPhysical therapyStiffness

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary medicine
  • Equine biomechanics
  • Animal rehabilitation

Background:

  • Growing evidence supports spinal mobilization and manipulation in equine practice.
  • These techniques address joint motion, nociception, muscle tone, and performance.
  • Standardized examination procedures are crucial for assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for spinal mobilization and manipulation in horses.
  • To outline assessment methods for equine spinal health.
  • To propose a framework for treatment application.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on equine spinal therapies.
  • Description of static and dynamic spinal examination techniques.
  • Discussion of outcome parameters such as joint motion and nociception.

Main Results:

  • Spinal techniques can positively impact equine joint mobility and comfort.
  • Objective measures like joint motion and subjective measures like performance are key outcomes.
  • A structured, tiered approach to therapy is suggested.

Conclusions:

  • Spinal mobilization and manipulation are valuable tools in equine veterinary care.
  • Comprehensive spinal examinations are essential for diagnosis and treatment planning.
  • Tailored, tiered treatment strategies enhance therapeutic efficacy and cost-effectiveness.