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Cationic antimicrobial protein of 37 kDa (CAP37) is elevated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and promotes airway inflammation and fibrosis by affecting epithelial cells and fibroblasts.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cationic antimicrobial protein of 37 kDa (CAP37) is a neutrophil-derived protein with known regulatory effects on host cells.
  • The role of CAP37 in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains uninvestigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate CAP37 expression in COPD patients.
  • To determine the effects of CAP37 on airway structural cells, including bronchial epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts.

Main Methods:

  • CAP37 levels were measured in lung tissue, sputum, and plasma from COPD patients and controls.
  • Neutrophils were stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE).
  • Airway structural cells (BEAS-2B, HBSMCs, MRC-5) were treated with CAP37 or anti-CAP37 antibody; IL-6, IL-8, cell proliferation, and collagen expression were assessed.

Main Results:

  • CAP37 expression was significantly increased in COPD lung tissue and sputum supernatant.
  • Sputum CAP37 levels correlated inversely with lung function (FEV1 % predicted) in COPD patients.
  • CAP37 induced IL-6 and IL-8 in bronchial epithelial cells and collagen production in lung fibroblasts, but did not affect smooth muscle cell proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • Neutrophil-derived CAP37 is implicated in airway inflammation and fibrosis in COPD.
  • CAP37 may play a role in the development and progression of COPD by influencing bronchial epithelial cells and fibroblasts.